Waste to Energy: A Possibility for Puerto Rico - Spring

This project evaluated waste-to-energy (WTE) technology as a potential component of Puerto Rico’s future municipal solid waste management strategy. At the time of the study, Puerto Rico relied heavily on landfills, many of which lacked adequate environmental controls and faced potential closure due to regulatory noncompliance. Limited land availability and growing waste generation raised concerns about the long-term sustainability of the island’s waste disposal system. The project examined how WTE facilities—which convert waste into electricity through controlled combustion or gasification processes—could reduce landfill dependence while generating renewable energy. The analysis also considered environmental and public health concerns related to emissions and community opposition.

The report assessed the technological, environmental, and economic feasibility of developing WTE facilities in Puerto Rico as part of an integrated waste management system that includes recycling, landfill modernization, and waste reduction strategies. The research compared the costs of constructing and operating WTE plants with the costs associated with maintaining or expanding landfill capacity. It also reviewed international case studies and examples from other island and coastal regions where WTE facilities have been successfully implemented. The team concluded that while WTE technology could provide environmental and economic benefits, successful implementation would require strong public engagement, careful site selection, and transparent communication about environmental safeguards. These recommendations aimed to support Puerto Rico in developing a more sustainable and diversified waste management strategy.

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