ENVP U4100y Political Economy of Energy and Climate Change Policies This course will present the challenges attached to the transition towards low carbon economies. Based on empirical data and experience, a discussion of the different policy instruments is proposed, along with an analysis of key stakeholder strategies. Specific attention will be given to the specificity of different contexts (developed, emerging and developing countries) and economic sectors in evaluating the efficiency and the effectiveness of alternative policy design in driving technological, economical and societal change. We will then explore the difficulty to build collective action at the global level, by revisiting the most significant moments in the history of negotiation, and discuss possible avenues forward. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6224y Environmental Data Analysis 3 pts. Environmental Data Analysis is focused on bringing to students a rigorous look at the statistical analysis of environmental data in different contexts through a combination of lectures and laboratory exercises. We will look at emerging tools and methods for environmental data analysis across four topic areas; climate change assessments, environmental justice, land use and land cover change and impacts of natural hazards on populations.

We will explore applications of multilevel modeling analysis, regression techniques, risk assessment, cost-benefit analysis, cluster analysis, and data visualization techniques within these topic areas. Underlying all our analysis will be the goal of learning how to apply statistical and data visualization techniques to affect policy and decision-making. All laboratory exercises will illustrate the research process from data collection to publication. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6225x Ethics, Values and Justice 3 pts. Open to PESP Students Only This course examines the way in which the earth has been viewed by various societies and cultures today and over time. Differing views of the relationship of humans to the environment are discussed and debated, and the impact of ethical systems on environmental policy and practices are described and analyzed. Environmental values, perceptions, norms, and behaviors are studied and analyzed. Environmental justice and the impact of racism on environmental outcomes are discussed in detail. The course also discusses the environmental policy and management process from the standpoint of ethics, as distinct from efficiency, effectiveness, expertise, cost, or other organizational considerations. Attempts are made to discover some guidelines for ethical stewardship of the planet and for formulating policy decisions with ethical considerations factored in. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6228y Corporate Sustainable Development and the Role of Government in Advancing Environmental and Social Performance 3 pts. Corporate sustainable development optimizes the environmental and social performance and governance of a firm to improve its long term competitiveness and asset value. The drivers for companies that embrace sustainability include building brand value, product differentiation, cost and risk reduction and enhancement of environmental and social conditions through their operations and the goods and services they provide. For example, companies that embrace sustainability do not view regulatory compliance as an endpoint, but as one of the many measures of corporate performance. This course focuses on the environmental dimensions of corporate decision-making, commencing with an historical perspective on the emergence of corporate sustainability, and then addressing the underpinnings and elements of this rapidly evolving field. We will explore this subject from the perspective of multinational corporations, midsize firms serving regional or niche national markets, and small businesses directly contributing to the creation of sustainable local economies. This course will also address the role of government in fostering the widespread transition toward corporate sustainability. Governments at all levels are informing and engaging the private sector to advance this agenda, including: establishing green procurement requirements; providing technical support and incentives to advance sustainable practice; creating frameworks for environmental markets; and engaging in public/private partnerships that facilitate research and demonstration. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6230y Economics of Sustainable Development 3 pts. The objective of this course is to equip students with the skills necessary to critically analyze policy alternatives which further Sustainable Development. Throughout the course, students will compare competing objectives and policies through the prism of economic reasoning. Although some mathematical economic models will be discussed, the emphasis of the course will be on using economic intuition rather than mathematics. By the end of the course, students should have a firm understanding of competing views regarding what constitutes sustainability and development, and appropriate policies to get us there. In addition, they should be able to express their own views in a manner that demonstrates an understanding of general economic theory. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6233x Environmental Finance Prep The course material provides a familiarity with some basic concepts in Finance, especially for students planning to take the Environmental Finance Course in the spring who do not have any background in Finance. The topics covered include: Time Value of Money and Valuation, Cost of Capital and Capital Markets, Capital Markets, Commodity Markets, Futures and Options This course is required for students who do not have a background in Finance and plan to take the Environmental Finance Class in duing the Spring semester.SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Short Courses. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6234x (Section 001) Sustainability Management 3 pts. The course is designed to introduce you to the field of sustainability management. This is not an academic course that reviews the literature of the field and discusses how scholars think about the management of organizations that are environmentally sound. It is a practical course organized around the core concepts of management and the core concepts of sustainability. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6237y International Political Economy of Biodiversity This course will present the challenges attached to global biodiversity conservation. The class is divided intofour sections.The first section will be based on empirical knowledgeand will provide the students with as scientific and historical perspective of the biodiversity crisis as well as the vocabulary and concepts useful for approaching the key trends and the multiple dimensions of the issue. The second section will focus on the international dimensions of the challenge (cross-scale, negotiation, funding, biosafety, access and benefit sharing etc.) and present the key actors and their strategies. It will be based on specific examples as well as theoretical knowledge ininternational political economy. The course will then introduce the key governance instruments used for biodiversity conservation enforcement (protected areas, international law, economic instruments). Finally, wewill investigatebiodiversity economic valuation and sciences-policy interfaces as resources for biodiversity governance and decision-making. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6250x Poverty, Inequality, and the Environment 3 pts. Progress and Poverty (1879), by the American economist and philosopher Henry George, was a worldwide bestseller and major impetus to reform movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. George argued that owners of land and other natural resources--a small fraction of the population--gain most of the benefits of economic growth. They also withhold high quality resources from use, driving down wages and forcing economic activity to sprawl out onto marginal land. His remedy: "We must make land common property," not by nationalizing it, but by collecting the surplus (economic rent) by taxation, using the revenue for public benefit. See (www.schalkenbach.org/100-years-later.html.) Today, George's ideas powerfully influence both the field of ecological economics and the commons movement. (See www.onthecommons.org.) In this course we will read Progress and Poverty, examining how well George's ideas have stood the test of time. We will read excerpts from predecessors and contemporaries of George, including Adam Smith, David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx and Thorstein Veblen. We will also read modern authors, including economist Mason Gaffney and commons movement founder Peter Barnes. Topics we will cover include: Poverty, its definition and measurement. Inequality of wealth and income, and the relationship of inequality to poverty, wage levels, health, environmental destruction and "sustainability". Population size, age structure and geographic distribution. Economics of common resources. Economic rent and property rights. Economics of cooperation and competition. Inequality, trade and global sprawl. Growth and the boom and bust cycle. Economics of time--how do and should we make decisions about the future? Tax and other policy options. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track. SIPA: USP- Social Policy Track. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6275x GIS for International Studies 3 pts. This course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive overview of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and remote sensing technologies as they are used in a variety of social and environmental science applications. Through a mixture of lectures, readings, focused discussions, and hands-on exercises, students will acquire an understanding of the variety and structure of spatial data and databases, gain a knowledge of the principles behind raster and vector based spatial analysis, learn basic cartographic principles for producing maps that effectively communicate a message, and develop sound practices for GIS project design and management. The class will focus on the application of GIS to assist in the development, implementation and analysis of environmental and social policy and practices at the global and regional scale. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6310x Research Methods & Quantitative Techniques Management 3 pts. Open to PESP Students Only This course concentrates on the quantitative techniques of organizational decision-making. Students learn how to formulate and design policy questions amenable to empirical inquiry, as well as how to identify and apply specific measurement and analytic methods appropriate to particular questions. Students are also introduced to the foundations of systems analysis: how to model and understand the design, operation, and impact of a system. The course begins with a discussion of the formulation of policy questions, the collection and organization of data, and the analysis and presentation of facts. Basic concepts of measures of central tendency, descriptive quantitative measures, and advanced inferential statistical techniques are covered. These techniques include multiple regression, time series and factor analysis, as well as the organization and presentation of advanced statistical analyses. Students are introduced to the use of computer-based data analysis and the rudimentary modeling of systems. Early in the fall semester, the class is divided into several groups to work on specific earth systems policy problems. The groups draw samples, design survey instruments, conduct surveys, code, clean, set up, and analyze data. They also write and present analytic reports, as the course places a heavy emphasis on presenting information to decision-makers. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6320x Political Context of Public/Private Environmental Management 3 pts. This course will teach students to use concepts and tools from political science to understand environmental issues and environmental policy. By the end, students should have a sense of why environmental policies that emerge from the political process are so often different from the policies that earth scientists and economists recommend. The dominant paradigm in this course will be political-economic analysis, which looks at how actors in society organize to promote and defend their (mostly) economic and (sometimes) other interests. Although political economy will be the most frequently used framework, other important concepts and tools will be brought in where appropriate. Students will also gain exposure to some the differences between "hard science" and "soft science" reasoning; something critical for professionals in a transdisciplinary field such as environmental policy. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U8201y Colloquium on Financial Management in Government 3 pts. This course introduces the field of budgeting and fiscal management in the public and nonprofit sectors. It looks at specific financial techniques such as the development and execution of budgets and allocating costs. It also explores how the contemporary manager uses fiscal information to make strategic decisions about the direction of an agency. The key objective of the course is to make the student who is not interested in a finance career comfortable and confident with the finance issues she or he is likely to encounter. The course also includes a lab component that will provide the student will the ability to use essential tools in the practice of financial mangement. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U8213x Microeconomics and Policy Analysis I 3 pts. Open to PESP Students Only This two-semester course shows students that it is both possible and useful to think about public policy rigorously to see what assumptions work; to understand how formal models operate; to question vagueness and cliches; and to make sophisticated ethical arguments. An important goal of the class is to have students work in groups to apply microeconomic concepts to current public policy issues having to do with urban environmental and earth systems. The course includes problem sets designed to teach core concepts and their application. In the spring semester, the emphasis is on the application of concepts to analyze contemporary policy problems. Some time is also devoted to international trade and regulation, and industrial organization issues. Students not only learn microeconomic concepts, but also how to explain them to decision-makers. Student groups take on specific earth system policy issues, analyze options through the use of microeconomic concepts, and then make oral presentations to the class. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U8216y Microeconomics and Policy Analysis II 3 pts. This two-semester course shows students that it is both possible and useful to think about public policy rigorously to see what assumptions work; to understand how formal models operate; to question vagueness and cliches; and to make sophisticated ethical arguments. An important goal of the class is to have students work in groups to apply microeconomic concepts to current public policy issues having to do with urban environmental and earth systems. The course includes problem sets designed to teach core concepts and their application. In the spring semester, the emphasis is on the application of concepts to analyze contemporary policy problems. Some time is also devoted to international trade and regulation, and industrial organization issues. Students not only learn microeconomic concepts, but also how to explain them to decision-makers. Student groups take on specific earth system policy issues, analyze options through the use of microeconomic concepts, and then make oral presentations to the class. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U9230x The Workshop in Applied Earth Systems Management II 3 pts. Open to PESP Students Only In the summer and autumn semesters, the Workshop emphasizes management issues. Students enroll in small, faculty-advised project teams and design a detailed operational plan for addressing an important public policy problem. Each Workshop faculty member selects a piece of proposed but not yet enacted state, federal, or local environmental law (or a U.N. resolution) and students are asked to develop a plan for implementing and managing the new program. In the summer semester, the Workshop groups write reports explaining the environmental science aspects of a management problem to political decision-makers who are not scientists. During the autumn semester the Workshop completes the operational plan for implementing the program. Both the summer and autumn Workshop projects will be on issues central to the two earth systems problem themes that the cohort will focus on throughout their course of study. SIPA: PESP.

INAF U6068y (Section 1) Economic Analysis of Environmental Policies 3 pts. This is a semester-long introductory course in environmental economics. It is designed to introduce students to economic approaches to understanding and managing pollution and natural resources. There is a wide conception that the environmental and economic systems are fundamentally at odds, but hopefully, by the end of this class, you will have a more refined view. We will start the class by a quick review of the fundamental welfare theorem of economics, which states that under certain conditions, markets outcomes are efficient. This forms the basis for why economists so strongly believe in markets. We will then examine why some of those "certain conditions" might not be met for environmental problems, and whether hence government intervention is warranted or whether the market can self-regulate these problems. This forms the basis for the rest of the class where we look in more detail at cases where the government has regulated certain economic activity / pollution and whether it has done so in an efficient way. We will discuss four approaches how the government can intervene and regulate. In the last part we look at ways how the government should choose the optimal level of regulation. Finally, time permitting, we will look at several specific environmental problems in more detail, e.g., water, air, and climate change. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6236x History of American Ecology & Environmentalism 3 pts. We will explore various conceptions of nature and ecology in changing ideas of conservation, preservation, the Dust Bowl, the atomic age, growing environmentalism, and the current focus on biodiversity as one route to a sustainable society. We will look at how scientific information has been constructed and used in environmental debates over pollution and overpopulation and will question the utility of distinguishing between "first nature" (untouched by humans) and "second nature" (nature modified by humans). Along the way, we will address connections between environmentalism and nationalism, the relationship between environmental change and social inequality, the rise of modern environmental politics, and different visions for the future of nature. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: United States. SIPA: PESP.

INAF U8909x Environment, Conflict & Resolution Strategies 3 pts. Environmental conflict resolution has emerged with an integrated role of research and practice within the growing field of conflict analysis and resolution. As the world faces increasing environmental problems and conflicts with growing environmental dimensions, there has also been an increasing creativity of response through different channels. The implications for the successful resolution of environmental conflict are the necessary and integrated contributions of all aspects of international affairs, including international security policy, economic policy, human rights and development. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: ICR. SIPA: PESP.