INAF U6042x and y Energy Business & Economic Development 3 pts. Energy is a key input and a key business in economic development. The course first develops the current understanding of the economic development process, with a focus on the role of energy, and energy businesses and markets. Then we examine development problems and policies in resource dependent economies, middle income reforming economies, low income economies and conclude with a look at the interface between economic development and environmental protection. Instructor permission is required to register for this course. Please go to: http://sipa.columbia.edu/academics/sipa_registration/instructions.html for instructions. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6061x International Energy Policy: Growth, Energy, Technology and the Environment 3 pts. Energy and climate change are the main challenges of the 21st century, together with the elimination of poverty in the world. There is no silver bullet, however the adoption of a number of sensible policies and technologies (international dialogue, national action plans, investment in R&D, renewable energy, electrical mobility, energy efficiency) may have a strong impact sooner and at a lower cost than may be expected . The course will integrate several dimensions of this challenge: economic growth, energy, technological change and global warming. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6062x Energy: Markets and Innovation 3 pts. The purpose of this course is to orient students to the dynamic opportunities that exist in the ongoing transformation of the global energy industry. Existing energy sources and the infrastructures that deliver them to users around the world are undergoing a period of rapid change. Limits to growth, rapidly fluctuating raw material prices, and the emergence of new technology options all contribute to heightened risk and opportunity in the energy sector. Using theoretical and practical understanding of the process by which energy technologies are developed, financed, and deployed, this course seeks to highlight the root drivers for change in the energy industry, the technologies that are emerging, and the factors that will determine success in their commercialization. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6065y The Economics Of Energy 3 pts. Will we run out of oil? What determines the cost of a ton of coal? Should we subsidize low-carbon or tax fossil energy? Are renewables worth the price tag? This course addresses some of the fundamental questions in energy economics. It covers markets for coal, oil, natural gas and renewables. We will gain an understanding of how the various markets work, how they do not, and what the appropriate regulatory responses are. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6066y Energy and Power Financing Markets The global energy industry is comprised of the largest and most interrelated set of businesses in the world. From its inception, the industry has grown dramatically to provide ever increasing amounts of energy and power to commercial, industrial and retail consumers around the world. Given its unique industry structure, specialized financing techniques have been developed to expand and/or complement conventional public and private financing alternatives. These specialized financing approaches have, in turn, allowed the energy industry to access an unprecedented range of capital sources to finance its increasingly complex and challenging business model. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6072x (Section 001) Energy Systems Fundamentals The purpose of this course is to establish a core energy skill set for SIPA students and prepare them for more advanced energy courses by providing a basic language and toolset for understanding energy issues. Existing energy sources and the infrastructures that deliver them to users around the world are undergoing a period of rapid change. Limits to growth, rapidly fluctuating raw material prices, and the emergence of new technology options all contribute to heightened risk and opportunity in the energy sector. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6135x Renewable Energy Policy Development & Markets 3 pts. This course is an introduction to renewable energy project finance development for second year SIPA students. It will take the student through the stages of development for various technologies, financing strategies and investment returns for renewable energy projects. Environmental attributes and financial incentives for project development will be discussed including application of Kyoto Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Most importantly, students will engage on a research project in one of the renewable energy technologies (wind, solar, biomass, hydropower, or biofuels) and present their findings to the class. Both investment banking and cleantech venture capital perspectives will also be shared in the classroom. The goal of the course is to familiarize students with the financial model for renewable energy technologies and have them become conversant with the intricacies of getting a project financed from concept stage to completion. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6242y Energy Policy 3 pts. The course provides a survey and analysis of the various dimensions, domestic and international, of policy formulation that, taken together, constitute energy policy. These dimensions include contributing to access to and production of natural energy resources; insuring the security and reliability of energy sources; promoting the diversity of fuels and development of new technologies in light of energy security and climate change mitigation objectives; promoting energy conservation and energy efficiency; environmental regulation at the domestic (air and water quality) and global (climate) levels. The objectives inspiring these policies are pursued through a combination of reliance on energy markets; subsidies and tax policy; development of energy infrastructure and a broad array of international policies influencing relations among and between net exporting and net importing countries. The origin of each policy issue, and lessons from significant "market failures," are examined and the consequences of policy alternatives are evaluated. The major legal and regulatory themes of U.S. energy policy are examined (Part 1) and so are the essential dimensions of international policies affecting the international energy scene. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6426y Energy Industry in Latin America Not offered in 2012-2013. This course will examine the energy industry in energy-exporting countries of Latin America, which are expected to play an ever greater role in the international energy business during the coming decades. Latin American producers account for an important share of global energy resources and a substantial percentage of oil and gas trade flows, and at the same time they are becoming themselves fast-rising consumers of energy. Managing economic development in these countries generally has presented a major challenge to their governments. This is especially evident in the energy sector, where policy issues facing the governments include, inter alia, the nature and extent of foreign direct investment and the appropriate role of foreign companies (both private and government-controlled). We will emphasize strategic-level management issues that face energy industry decision-makers in the government and private sectors as they address the formulation of policies, strategies, alliances and investment plans. The first half of the course will consider the general nature of international business as it applies to the energy industry in the region, and the second half will consider the specific situation in a number of key countries: Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, Argentina, the Andean group, and selected island nations in the Caribbean. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6429y Energy Industry in the BRICS This course will examine the energy industry in the BRICS from a comparative perspective, emphasizing both similarities (notably the role of state-owned companies and the challenges of fast domestic growth) and differences. Special attention will be devoted to the strategic-level management issues facing decision-makers in the government and private sectors as they address the formulation of policies, strategies, alliances and investment plans. The first part of the course will consider the general nature of international business as it applies to the energy industry in the BRICS, and the remainder of the course will consider the specific situation in the individual member countries and their impact on global energy markets. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U8537y Climate Change Policy 3 pts. Climate change is the most challenging international policy problem that exists today. The course will primarily focus on two questions. First, what should be done about climate change? Second, what can be done about it? The first question requires an understanding of the science, impacts, technological options, economics, and ethics of climate change policy. The second question requires an understanding of the politics, international law, and international relations aspects of climate change policy. The course will not provide firm answers to these questions. It aims instead to provide a framework and the knowledge required for students to come to their own conclusions. Indeed, every student taking this course is required to answer these questions, and to defend their conclusions rigorously. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U8778x Urban Energy Systems & Policy 3 pts. This course examines the unique nature of energy use and planning in urban areas. As the home to significant and ever growing rates of energy consumption, urban areas are logical candidates for energy planning efforts. Understanding how cities use energy; the institutional, market, and regulatory environment in which urban policymakers operate; and what steps cities are taking to better manage their energy use are the core topics of this course. We also will focus on energy-related business opportunities that exist in urban areas, examining the challenges such businesses face in dealing with multiple decision-makers or opinion leaders. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

REGN U6535y The Geopolitics of Russian Oil and Gas This class will examine the Russian energy polices with the focus on oil and gas industry. Oil and gas exports remain a source of major revenue for the Russian budget and provide Russia with the considerable bargaining power in the geopolitical sphere. For the foreseeable future Russia will remain one of the major players at the world energy scene. However, the rising competition from unconventional oil and gas production compels Russia to readjust its energy strategies. The challenge may be an opportunity for Russia to advance its energy industry, or it may turn into a problematic disadvantage if no changes pursued. Existing political patronage for two major state energy companies (Rosneft and Gazprom) may appear to be not efficient for the needed changes. Limitations and restrictions to smaller independent companies for market participation are not helpful to the Russian industry. What changes are needed to sustain rising competition? What new geopolitical alliances Russia may attempt to form in search for energy security of supply? These and other related questions will be examined in the seminar. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Russia. SIPA: Short Courses. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

SIPA U0010x and y (Section 4) Concentration:Energy & Environment - Sustainable Energy All SIPA candidates are required to register for one of the policy concentrations in each semester of matriculation at SIPA. The concentration registration will be for zero academic credits and will not affect or be affected by fees or financial charges. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

LAW L8452x or y Seminar: Energy Law 2 pts. This is a Law School course.

For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Electives. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

ENVP U6224y Environmental Data Analysis 3 pts. Environmental Data Analysis is focused on bringing to students a rigorous look at the statistical analysis of environmental data in different contexts through a combination of lectures and laboratory exercises. We will look at emerging tools and methods for environmental data analysis across four topic areas; climate change assessments, environmental justice, land use and land cover change and impacts of natural hazards on populations.

We will explore applications of multilevel modeling analysis, regression techniques, risk assessment, cost-benefit analysis, cluster analysis, and data visualization techniques within these topic areas. Underlying all our analysis will be the goal of learning how to apply statistical and data visualization techniques to affect policy and decision-making. All laboratory exercises will illustrate the research process from data collection to publication. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6228y Corporate Sustainable Development and the Role of Government in Advancing Environmental and Social Performance 3 pts. Corporate sustainable development optimizes the environmental and social performance and governance of a firm to improve its long term competitiveness and asset value. The drivers for companies that embrace sustainability include building brand value, product differentiation, cost and risk reduction and enhancement of environmental and social conditions through their operations and the goods and services they provide. For example, companies that embrace sustainability do not view regulatory compliance as an endpoint, but as one of the many measures of corporate performance. This course focuses on the environmental dimensions of corporate decision-making, commencing with an historical perspective on the emergence of corporate sustainability, and then addressing the underpinnings and elements of this rapidly evolving field. We will explore this subject from the perspective of multinational corporations, midsize firms serving regional or niche national markets, and small businesses directly contributing to the creation of sustainable local economies. This course will also address the role of government in fostering the widespread transition toward corporate sustainability. Governments at all levels are informing and engaging the private sector to advance this agenda, including: establishing green procurement requirements; providing technical support and incentives to advance sustainable practice; creating frameworks for environmental markets; and engaging in public/private partnerships that facilitate research and demonstration. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6230y Economics of Sustainable Development 3 pts. The objective of this course is to equip students with the skills necessary to critically analyze policy alternatives which further Sustainable Development. Throughout the course, students will compare competing objectives and policies through the prism of economic reasoning. Although some mathematical economic models will be discussed, the emphasis of the course will be on using economic intuition rather than mathematics. By the end of the course, students should have a firm understanding of competing views regarding what constitutes sustainability and development, and appropriate policies to get us there. In addition, they should be able to express their own views in a manner that demonstrates an understanding of general economic theory. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6233x Environmental Finance Prep The course material provides a familiarity with some basic concepts in Finance, especially for students planning to take the Environmental Finance Course in the spring who do not have any background in Finance. The topics covered include: Time Value of Money and Valuation, Cost of Capital and Capital Markets, Capital Markets, Commodity Markets, Futures and Options This course is required for students who do not have a background in Finance and plan to take the Environmental Finance Class in duing the Spring semester.SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Short Courses. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6237y International Political Economy of Biodiversity This course will present the challenges attached to global biodiversity conservation. The class is divided intofour sections.The first section will be based on empirical knowledgeand will provide the students with as scientific and historical perspective of the biodiversity crisis as well as the vocabulary and concepts useful for approaching the key trends and the multiple dimensions of the issue. The second section will focus on the international dimensions of the challenge (cross-scale, negotiation, funding, biosafety, access and benefit sharing etc.) and present the key actors and their strategies. It will be based on specific examples as well as theoretical knowledge ininternational political economy. The course will then introduce the key governance instruments used for biodiversity conservation enforcement (protected areas, international law, economic instruments). Finally, wewill investigatebiodiversity economic valuation and sciences-policy interfaces as resources for biodiversity governance and decision-making. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6250x Poverty, Inequality, and the Environment 3 pts. Progress and Poverty (1879), by the American economist and philosopher Henry George, was a worldwide bestseller and major impetus to reform movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. George argued that owners of land and other natural resources--a small fraction of the population--gain most of the benefits of economic growth. They also withhold high quality resources from use, driving down wages and forcing economic activity to sprawl out onto marginal land. His remedy: "We must make land common property," not by nationalizing it, but by collecting the surplus (economic rent) by taxation, using the revenue for public benefit. See (www.schalkenbach.org/100-years-later.html.) Today, George's ideas powerfully influence both the field of ecological economics and the commons movement. (See www.onthecommons.org.) In this course we will read Progress and Poverty, examining how well George's ideas have stood the test of time. We will read excerpts from predecessors and contemporaries of George, including Adam Smith, David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx and Thorstein Veblen. We will also read modern authors, including economist Mason Gaffney and commons movement founder Peter Barnes. Topics we will cover include: Poverty, its definition and measurement. Inequality of wealth and income, and the relationship of inequality to poverty, wage levels, health, environmental destruction and "sustainability". Population size, age structure and geographic distribution. Economics of common resources. Economic rent and property rights. Economics of cooperation and competition. Inequality, trade and global sprawl. Growth and the boom and bust cycle. Economics of time--how do and should we make decisions about the future? Tax and other policy options. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track. SIPA: USP- Social Policy Track. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6260y Climate Change in Africa 3 pts.Not offered in 2012-2013. Anthropogenic climate change is fast becoming the pivotal issue of our time. Excessive carbon emissions in our atmosphere have begun to change the global climate and researchers predict more drastic changes in the future. Climate change is characterized not only by global warming but also by changing patterns of precipitation, temperature extremes, increased frequency of tropical storms, and rising sea level. These changes will have dramatic impacts on social development worldwide. Climate change may aggravate existing problems in the developing world, including overuse of natural resources and overpopulation. Africa in particular is projected to suffer more from anthropogenic climate change than any other region of the world, despite having contributed least to its causes. This is not so much or not only because climate change will manifest itself in more extreme form in Africa, but rather because Africa is more vulnerable. Therefore, though climate problems are inherently global in nature, they are of particular relevance to policy makers in Africa. This course will address the impact of climate change in Africa in two parts. The first half of the course will provide the global context for climate change adaptation in Africa, with readings from the 4th Assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and discussion of global mechanisms in adaptation to climate change. The 4th Assessment report of the IPCC details the climate changes researchers have already observed worldwide. The report also assesses the probable causes of these changes and offers projections of future climate change. Additionally, IPCC researchers propose strategies to mitigate climate change effects on communities and nations while pursuing sustainable development.The second half of the course will focus on the environmental policy challenges facing Africa through a case study - the long-term drought experienced in the Sahel since the late 1960's. SIPA: Africa. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

ENVP U6275x GIS for International Studies 3 pts. This course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive overview of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and remote sensing technologies as they are used in a variety of social and environmental science applications. Through a mixture of lectures, readings, focused discussions, and hands-on exercises, students will acquire an understanding of the variety and structure of spatial data and databases, gain a knowledge of the principles behind raster and vector based spatial analysis, learn basic cartographic principles for producing maps that effectively communicate a message, and develop sound practices for GIS project design and management. The class will focus on the application of GIS to assist in the development, implementation and analysis of environmental and social policy and practices at the global and regional scale. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6320x Political Context of Public/Private Environmental Management 3 pts. This course will teach students to use concepts and tools from political science to understand environmental issues and environmental policy. By the end, students should have a sense of why environmental policies that emerge from the political process are so often different from the policies that earth scientists and economists recommend. The dominant paradigm in this course will be political-economic analysis, which looks at how actors in society organize to promote and defend their (mostly) economic and (sometimes) other interests. Although political economy will be the most frequently used framework, other important concepts and tools will be brought in where appropriate. Students will also gain exposure to some the differences between "hard science" and "soft science" reasoning; something critical for professionals in a transdisciplinary field such as environmental policy. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

INAF U4727y Environmental Politics & Policy Management 3 pts.Not offered in 2012-2013. Environmental policies reflect society's decisions about what to do to address environmental problems, formalized through institutions of governance. Now more than ever, it is urgent that we design and carry out environmental policies that are effective at resolving adequately defined problems, and also represent the consensus of those who are governed. This course prepares students professionally and intellectually for this important task. In the course we consider how politics - the negotiation of power - shapes, enables and constrains the formation environmental policies; and how management - the coordination of people and other resources to achieve goals - makes, breaks, or muddles their implementation. To undertake this inquiry, we will look at the role of the law, markets, organizations, and technology in the structuring the interplay among environmental politics, policy, and management. The focus of this course will be U.S. Environmental Politics, Policy, Management and institutions, but we will be looking at global regimes of climate change governance, environmental policy in China, and considering other transnational and global issues as well. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6016x and y Cost-Benefit Analysis 3 pts. This course aims to provide an introduction to the basic principles of cost-benefit analysis, i.e., the economic appraisal of public investment projects, expenditures, programs, and regulations. I will begin with a relatively brief review of the techniques of financial appraisal (i.e. cash flow analysis) of projects, since similar techniques are used in most cost-benefit analysis exercises. However, while a financial analyst for a private, profit--making entity focuses only on the net cashflows the entity receives from a project, the cost-benefit analyst has to consider a proposal's economic costs and benefits from a societal perspective. This course should be most directly relevant for those who intend to pursue careers in the public sector as analysts/applied economists with governmental agencies, public authorities, multilateral institutions, or research institutes/think-tanks. SIPA: APEA. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: IFEP- Finance. SIPA: IFEP- Economic Policy. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Management. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track.

INAF U6056y Political Economics and Environmental Policy 3 pts. The purpose of this course is to give the students a formal structure on how to think about policy formation, with a special emphasise on environmental policy. By having formal tools to analyze policy formation, the students should be able to better understand the institutional limits, and possibilities, for passing and implementing specific policies. Also, for those working in an international organization it would give them better tools for understanding what type of policies are feasible to enact in a specific institutional environment. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6060x International Energy Systems & Business Structures 3 pts.Not offered in 2012-2013. Policy makers cannot be effective without a thorough understanding of what is to be influenced, guided, or regulated. The purpose of this introductory core course in the International Energy Management and Policy track is to provide you with that understanding. It is a foundational course upon which you will build your understanding of the energy industry as you progress with your matriculation. The course covers conventional and alternative sources of energy and the business structures through which these sources of energy are transformed to electricity, fuels, chemicals, plastics, and a wide variety of other substances and materials that play a vital role in the functioning of modern society. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PEPM.

INAF U6068y (Section 1) Economic Analysis of Environmental Policies 3 pts. This is a semester-long introductory course in environmental economics. It is designed to introduce students to economic approaches to understanding and managing pollution and natural resources. There is a wide conception that the environmental and economic systems are fundamentally at odds, but hopefully, by the end of this class, you will have a more refined view. We will start the class by a quick review of the fundamental welfare theorem of economics, which states that under certain conditions, markets outcomes are efficient. This forms the basis for why economists so strongly believe in markets. We will then examine why some of those "certain conditions" might not be met for environmental problems, and whether hence government intervention is warranted or whether the market can self-regulate these problems. This forms the basis for the rest of the class where we look in more detail at cases where the government has regulated certain economic activity / pollution and whether it has done so in an efficient way. We will discuss four approaches how the government can intervene and regulate. In the last part we look at ways how the government should choose the optimal level of regulation. Finally, time permitting, we will look at several specific environmental problems in more detail, e.g., water, air, and climate change. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6072x (Section 001) Energy Systems Fundamentals The purpose of this course is to establish a core energy skill set for SIPA students and prepare them for more advanced energy courses by providing a basic language and toolset for understanding energy issues. Existing energy sources and the infrastructures that deliver them to users around the world are undergoing a period of rapid change. Limits to growth, rapidly fluctuating raw material prices, and the emergence of new technology options all contribute to heightened risk and opportunity in the energy sector. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6232y (Section 1) Meeting Tomorrow's Energy Needs and Challenges Not offered in 2012-2013. This course will use a series of case studies to explore the interactions and potential conflicts between the multiple policy objectives of economic growth, energy security, and environmental protection. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6236x History of American Ecology & Environmentalism 3 pts. We will explore various conceptions of nature and ecology in changing ideas of conservation, preservation, the Dust Bowl, the atomic age, growing environmentalism, and the current focus on biodiversity as one route to a sustainable society. We will look at how scientific information has been constructed and used in environmental debates over pollution and overpopulation and will question the utility of distinguishing between "first nature" (untouched by humans) and "second nature" (nature modified by humans). Along the way, we will address connections between environmentalism and nationalism, the relationship between environmental change and social inequality, the rise of modern environmental politics, and different visions for the future of nature. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: United States. SIPA: PESP.

INAF U6243y International Environmental Policy 3 pts. This course examines issues central to the theory and practice of international environmental politics. It provides a foundation of conceptual frameworks and factual knowledge for individuals planning work in this or related fields. Readings, lectures and discussion address many issues but we focus on factors that contribute to or impede the creation and implementation of effective international environmental policy. The course consists of three interrelated sections: (1) The Process and Difficulty of Creating and Implementing Effective International Environmental Policy; (2) The Setting for International Environmental Politics: Actors, Issues, Trends, and Law; and (3) Causal Factors in Creating Effective International Environmental Policy and Regimes. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6259x (Section 1) Adaptation to Climate Change 3 pts. Climate change policy in recent decades has centered on two core concepts, mitigation (reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere) and adaptation (coping with the impacts that these gasses have and will produce). This course concentrates on the latter. It familiarizes students with current approaches to projects and programs that promote adaptation, showing both the utility of the approaches and some of their limits. The concepts of vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity are studied in detail; students learn to engage critically with these concepts. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6325x Energy Modeling 3 pts.(Formerly Quantitative Methods-Energy/Policy Analysis) The course is intended to sharpen student skills in methods that can be applied to quantitative analysis and interpretation of project economics. The course will provide students with an introduction to quantitative models that can aid in the decision making process. The course utilizes the Excel spreadsheet with Precision Tree add-in for decision tree analysis plus @RISK and RiskOptimizer simulation software add-ins for evaluating risk. These software add-ins address the challenge posed by key decision making variables not being discrete or known with precision. Most business decisions are stochastic in nature where future values for key variables are not known with precision, but can be estimated with a probability distribution. SIPA: APEA. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6627y Marine Energy Transportation, Technology, Economics & Policy 3 pts. An introduction to tanker transportation of crude oil and petroleum. This course covers the history of energy and energy transportation, rate setting mechanism in a free market economy, the forecasting process in the oil trades, international governmental policies on oil pollution and regulation of ship operation, , various means of quality assurance in ship operation, safety and environmental issues, chartering and commercial issues, ship finance and economic. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6760y Managing Risk in Natural and other Disasters 3 pts. The aim of this one-semester 3-point course is to provide students with insights and skills they need to respond to and manage 'natural' and man-made disasters during their future professional careers. The course provides a conceptual framework that should allow students to develop and include policies into their future professional activities with the aim to minimize the exposure of people or entire populations to disasters and foster the populations' disaster resilience. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Human Rights. SIPA: Humanitarian Affairs.

INAF U8537y Climate Change Policy 3 pts. Climate change is the most challenging international policy problem that exists today. The course will primarily focus on two questions. First, what should be done about climate change? Second, what can be done about it? The first question requires an understanding of the science, impacts, technological options, economics, and ethics of climate change policy. The second question requires an understanding of the politics, international law, and international relations aspects of climate change policy. The course will not provide firm answers to these questions. It aims instead to provide a framework and the knowledge required for students to come to their own conclusions. Indeed, every student taking this course is required to answer these questions, and to defend their conclusions rigorously. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U8562x Global Maritime Issues and Policy 3 pts. An introduction to legal and public policy issues in maritime transportation. This course covers the history of marine transportation from a legal and public policy perspective, at both an international and a domestic level, and focuses on the major strategic public policy issues currently facing the various stakeholders in the sector. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U8778x Urban Energy Systems & Policy 3 pts. This course examines the unique nature of energy use and planning in urban areas. As the home to significant and ever growing rates of energy consumption, urban areas are logical candidates for energy planning efforts. Understanding how cities use energy; the institutional, market, and regulatory environment in which urban policymakers operate; and what steps cities are taking to better manage their energy use are the core topics of this course. We also will focus on energy-related business opportunities that exist in urban areas, examining the challenges such businesses face in dealing with multiple decision-makers or opinion leaders. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U8909x Environment, Conflict & Resolution Strategies 3 pts. Environmental conflict resolution has emerged with an integrated role of research and practice within the growing field of conflict analysis and resolution. As the world faces increasing environmental problems and conflicts with growing environmental dimensions, there has also been an increasing creativity of response through different channels. The implications for the successful resolution of environmental conflict are the necessary and integrated contributions of all aspects of international affairs, including international security policy, economic policy, human rights and development. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: ICR. SIPA: PESP.

INAF U8910y Food, Farming & Famine: Struggles for Sustainability 3 pts. U.S. agricultural practice has been presented as a paradigm for the rest of the world to emulate, yet is a result of over a century of unique development. Contemporary agriculture has its historical roots in the widely varied farming practices, social and political organizations, and attitudes toward the land of generations of farmers and visionaries. We will explore major forces shaping the practice of U.S. agriculture, particularly geographical and social perspectives and the development and adoption of agricultural science and technology. We will consider how technological changes and political developments (government policies, rationing, subsidies) shape visions of and transmission of agriculture and the agrarian ideal. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: United States.

INAF U8912y Technology, Innovation and Sustainable Goals 1.5 pts. It has become vital (because of mass poverty,climate change,biodiversity rapid erosion,water and food crisis,...), to shift to a more sustainable form of development.This will require effectively mobilizing all resources of human societies:scientific and technical resources,as well as behavioral and institutional moving forces.None may be neglected,and the way they are articulated will be decisive. SIPA: Applied Science. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Short Courses.

REGN U6535y The Geopolitics of Russian Oil and Gas This class will examine the Russian energy polices with the focus on oil and gas industry. Oil and gas exports remain a source of major revenue for the Russian budget and provide Russia with the considerable bargaining power in the geopolitical sphere. For the foreseeable future Russia will remain one of the major players at the world energy scene. However, the rising competition from unconventional oil and gas production compels Russia to readjust its energy strategies. The challenge may be an opportunity for Russia to advance its energy industry, or it may turn into a problematic disadvantage if no changes pursued. Existing political patronage for two major state energy companies (Rosneft and Gazprom) may appear to be not efficient for the needed changes. Limitations and restrictions to smaller independent companies for market participation are not helpful to the Russian industry. What changes are needed to sustain rising competition? What new geopolitical alliances Russia may attempt to form in search for energy security of supply? These and other related questions will be examined in the seminar. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Russia. SIPA: Short Courses. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

SDEV U6240x Environmental Science for Sustainable Development 3 pts. The Earth's Systems are experiencing dramatic changes that bring into question the sustainability of our planet. Essential to addressing these changes is an understanding of the functioning of the earth systems. This course provides fundamental knowledge of the topics within the natural sciences that are critical to address the issues of sustainable development. The interactions between the natural and human environment are complex and interconnected. A strong understanding of the functioning of the earth's processes is essential to addressing sustainable development challenges SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

SDEV U6260y Disasters and Development Not offered in 2012-2013. This course investigates the impact of natural disasters on sustainable developing with emphasis on the role they may play in development countries. In the first decade of the 21st century an unusually large number of natural disasters - from earthquakes and associated tsunamis, to hurricanes floods and droughts -- have struck across the world, affecting countries from the wealthiest and most openly governed to the poorest with failed, fragile or authoritarian governments. The socio-economic effects in all places affected by these disasters are still unfolding. Some seem to be deeply impacted while others have had relatively little lasting impact. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

SDEV U9240y Human Ecology and Sustainable Development 3 pts.Not offered in 2012-2013. This course describes the interactions between physical ecology and economic development, and stresses the two-way interactions between the physical environment and economic development. Ecological constraints (climate, disease ecology, physical resources such as soils and energy sources, topography and transport conditions) significantly shape the patterns of economic development, demography, and wealth and poverty. At the same time, anthropogenic activities (farming, resource depletion, demographic stresses, energy use) change the physical environment. The course aims to give a rigorous treatment of this two-way interaction, building on a rigorous foundation of earth systems processes to understand the ecological bases of human settlement. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

SDEV U9245x Environment & Resource Economics 3 pts. The goal of this course is to introduce you to the basic concepts of natural resource and environmental economics in about 14 weeks. It should hence be seen as a survey class that introduces the basic ideas of the field. Prerequisites: Graduate level classes in micro-economics and econometrics as well as some knowledge of optimal control theory. Furthermore, you should know the basic commands in STATA and either MATLAB or R (for some of the problem sets, but they are easy to learn). SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

SIPA U0010x and y (Section 3) Concentration: Energy & Environment - Environment All SIPA candidates are required to register for one of the policy concentrations in each semester of matriculation at SIPA. The concentration registration will be for zero academic credits and will not affect or be affected by fees or financial charges SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

EHSC P6300x or y Environmental Health Sciences 3 pts. This is a Public Health Course. Public Health classes are offered on the Health Services Campus at 168th Street.

For more detailed course information, please go to Mailman School of Public Health Courses website at http://www.mailman.hs.columbia.edu/academics/courses SIPA: Applied Science. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Social Policy Track. SIPA: Electives.

EHSC P8304 Public Health Impacts of Climate Change 3 pts. This is a Public Health Course. Public Health classes are offered on the Health Services Campus at 168th Street.

For more detailed course information, please go to Mailman School of Public Health Courses website at http://www.mailman.hs.columbia.edu/academics/courses SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Social Policy Track. SIPA: Electives.

EHSC P9300 Topics in Environmental Health Sciences 4 pts. This is a Public Health Course. Public Health classes are offered on the Health Services Campus at 168th Street.

For more detailed course information, please go to Mailman School of Public Health Courses website at http://www.mailman.hs.columbia.edu/academics/courses SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track. SIPA: Electives.

LAW L6038y Climate Change Law 3 pts. This is a Law School course. For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Electives.

LAW L6040y International Environmental Law 2 pts.

This is a Law School course.

For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search

LAW L6242x Environmental Law 3 pts. This is a Law School course.

For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Electives.

LAW L8036x Natural Resources Law 2 pts. This is a Law School course. For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Electives.

LAW L8036 Advanced Issues in Environmental Regulation. 2 pts. This is a Law School course. For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Electives.

LAW L9155y Environmental Litigation 2 pts. This is a Law School course.

For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search

PLAN A6010y Planning for Urban Ecosystems 3 pts.SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track. SIPA: Electives.

ENVP U6228y Corporate Sustainable Development and the Role of Government in Advancing Environmental and Social Performance 3 pts. Corporate sustainable development optimizes the environmental and social performance and governance of a firm to improve its long term competitiveness and asset value. The drivers for companies that embrace sustainability include building brand value, product differentiation, cost and risk reduction and enhancement of environmental and social conditions through their operations and the goods and services they provide. For example, companies that embrace sustainability do not view regulatory compliance as an endpoint, but as one of the many measures of corporate performance. This course focuses on the environmental dimensions of corporate decision-making, commencing with an historical perspective on the emergence of corporate sustainability, and then addressing the underpinnings and elements of this rapidly evolving field. We will explore this subject from the perspective of multinational corporations, midsize firms serving regional or niche national markets, and small businesses directly contributing to the creation of sustainable local economies. This course will also address the role of government in fostering the widespread transition toward corporate sustainability. Governments at all levels are informing and engaging the private sector to advance this agenda, including: establishing green procurement requirements; providing technical support and incentives to advance sustainable practice; creating frameworks for environmental markets; and engaging in public/private partnerships that facilitate research and demonstration. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6230y Economics of Sustainable Development 3 pts. The objective of this course is to equip students with the skills necessary to critically analyze policy alternatives which further Sustainable Development. Throughout the course, students will compare competing objectives and policies through the prism of economic reasoning. Although some mathematical economic models will be discussed, the emphasis of the course will be on using economic intuition rather than mathematics. By the end of the course, students should have a firm understanding of competing views regarding what constitutes sustainability and development, and appropriate policies to get us there. In addition, they should be able to express their own views in a manner that demonstrates an understanding of general economic theory. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6233x Environmental Finance Prep The course material provides a familiarity with some basic concepts in Finance, especially for students planning to take the Environmental Finance Course in the spring who do not have any background in Finance. The topics covered include: Time Value of Money and Valuation, Cost of Capital and Capital Markets, Capital Markets, Commodity Markets, Futures and Options This course is required for students who do not have a background in Finance and plan to take the Environmental Finance Class in duing the Spring semester.SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Short Courses. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6260y Climate Change in Africa 3 pts.Not offered in 2012-2013. Anthropogenic climate change is fast becoming the pivotal issue of our time. Excessive carbon emissions in our atmosphere have begun to change the global climate and researchers predict more drastic changes in the future. Climate change is characterized not only by global warming but also by changing patterns of precipitation, temperature extremes, increased frequency of tropical storms, and rising sea level. These changes will have dramatic impacts on social development worldwide. Climate change may aggravate existing problems in the developing world, including overuse of natural resources and overpopulation. Africa in particular is projected to suffer more from anthropogenic climate change than any other region of the world, despite having contributed least to its causes. This is not so much or not only because climate change will manifest itself in more extreme form in Africa, but rather because Africa is more vulnerable. Therefore, though climate problems are inherently global in nature, they are of particular relevance to policy makers in Africa. This course will address the impact of climate change in Africa in two parts. The first half of the course will provide the global context for climate change adaptation in Africa, with readings from the 4th Assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and discussion of global mechanisms in adaptation to climate change. The 4th Assessment report of the IPCC details the climate changes researchers have already observed worldwide. The report also assesses the probable causes of these changes and offers projections of future climate change. Additionally, IPCC researchers propose strategies to mitigate climate change effects on communities and nations while pursuing sustainable development.The second half of the course will focus on the environmental policy challenges facing Africa through a case study - the long-term drought experienced in the Sahel since the late 1960's. SIPA: Africa. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

ENVP U6275x GIS for International Studies 3 pts. This course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive overview of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and remote sensing technologies as they are used in a variety of social and environmental science applications. Through a mixture of lectures, readings, focused discussions, and hands-on exercises, students will acquire an understanding of the variety and structure of spatial data and databases, gain a knowledge of the principles behind raster and vector based spatial analysis, learn basic cartographic principles for producing maps that effectively communicate a message, and develop sound practices for GIS project design and management. The class will focus on the application of GIS to assist in the development, implementation and analysis of environmental and social policy and practices at the global and regional scale. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6320x Political Context of Public/Private Environmental Management 3 pts. This course will teach students to use concepts and tools from political science to understand environmental issues and environmental policy. By the end, students should have a sense of why environmental policies that emerge from the political process are so often different from the policies that earth scientists and economists recommend. The dominant paradigm in this course will be political-economic analysis, which looks at how actors in society organize to promote and defend their (mostly) economic and (sometimes) other interests. Although political economy will be the most frequently used framework, other important concepts and tools will be brought in where appropriate. Students will also gain exposure to some the differences between "hard science" and "soft science" reasoning; something critical for professionals in a transdisciplinary field such as environmental policy. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

INAF U4420y Oil, Rights and Development 1 pt. This multi-layered role-playing simulation, based on a fictitious country, allows exploration of the challenges associated with initiation of a major industrial venture in a developing country as regards any or all of the following: macro-economic and political factors; identification of priorities; environmental management; complications arising from ethnic and religious conflicts; health management (including HIV/AIDS); community development aspects; reconciliation of the interests of a wide variety of stakeholders; media management; achievement of the largest possible Circle of Consensus. The simulation is conducted over two consecutive days and some 50 to 80 participants role-play up to twenty separate entities, including an international industrial company and its competitor, government factions, opposition groups, a local community and wide varieties of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and of media. As in real life, some more general knowledge of the situation is available to all entities, but each one has sole access to information (which may overlap with that of others) which is unique to its own perspective. The emphasis is therefore on sharing and on cooperation to make progress against tight deadlines, on managing information of various degrees of reliability and of balancing conflicting demands. There is no "single right answer" but through the process participants have an opportunity to explore the interplay of a very wide range of factors and develop strategies which are based on a holistic appreciation of the problems involved and on creation of alliances which are by no means obvious at the beginning of the simulation. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Human Rights.

INAF U4727y Environmental Politics & Policy Management 3 pts.Not offered in 2012-2013. Environmental policies reflect society's decisions about what to do to address environmental problems, formalized through institutions of governance. Now more than ever, it is urgent that we design and carry out environmental policies that are effective at resolving adequately defined problems, and also represent the consensus of those who are governed. This course prepares students professionally and intellectually for this important task. In the course we consider how politics - the negotiation of power - shapes, enables and constrains the formation environmental policies; and how management - the coordination of people and other resources to achieve goals - makes, breaks, or muddles their implementation. To undertake this inquiry, we will look at the role of the law, markets, organizations, and technology in the structuring the interplay among environmental politics, policy, and management. The focus of this course will be U.S. Environmental Politics, Policy, Management and institutions, but we will be looking at global regimes of climate change governance, environmental policy in China, and considering other transnational and global issues as well. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6016x and y Cost-Benefit Analysis 3 pts. This course aims to provide an introduction to the basic principles of cost-benefit analysis, i.e., the economic appraisal of public investment projects, expenditures, programs, and regulations. I will begin with a relatively brief review of the techniques of financial appraisal (i.e. cash flow analysis) of projects, since similar techniques are used in most cost-benefit analysis exercises. However, while a financial analyst for a private, profit--making entity focuses only on the net cashflows the entity receives from a project, the cost-benefit analyst has to consider a proposal's economic costs and benefits from a societal perspective. This course should be most directly relevant for those who intend to pursue careers in the public sector as analysts/applied economists with governmental agencies, public authorities, multilateral institutions, or research institutes/think-tanks. SIPA: APEA. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: IFEP- Finance. SIPA: IFEP- Economic Policy. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Management. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track.

INAF U6040y Energy Project Finance and Valuation 3 pts.(Formerly International Energy Project Development) This course provides an introduction to the processes and issues involved in developing and financing a major international energy project. It examines the interests and roles of the project "stakeholders": governments of the countries in which the energy is produced and consumed; project sponsors (multinational oil and gas companies, state-owned enterprises and other equity investors); lenders (public and private); local partners; and energy buyers. The course will use as a model a multi-billion dollar project in the Middle East that supplies liquefied natural gas (LNG) to South Korea, India, Europe and the United States, and will compare this project with other LNG projects as well as an international oil pipeline project and an international power project. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6042x and y Energy Business & Economic Development 3 pts. Energy is a key input and a key business in economic development. The course first develops the current understanding of the economic development process, with a focus on the role of energy, and energy businesses and markets. Then we examine development problems and policies in resource dependent economies, middle income reforming economies, low income economies and conclude with a look at the interface between economic development and environmental protection. Instructor permission is required to register for this course. Please go to: http://sipa.columbia.edu/academics/sipa_registration/instructions.html for instructions. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6048y Risk & Scenario Analysis Across the Energy Value Chain 3 pts. Bringing together insights from various parts of the IEMP program, this course aims to provide an integrated, interdisciplinary perspective on risk management in major oil and gas projects at both corporate and country levels. It explores the nature of risk-taking by international investors in large scale oil and gas projects, and places these risks within the context of sovereign objectives sought by producer countries. An original scenarios methodology and a typology of how 'sovereign' and 'market' objectives combine are used to explore the relationship between international investors, governments, national energy companies (NGOs) and local communities or stakeholders. Case studies from Eurasia make concrete the contemporary challenges for corporate-level risk management, as well as international energy policies and governance related to oil and gas investment. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Russia.

INAF U6054y Petroleum Markets & Trading 3 pts. Prerequisites: Economics of Energy (U6065) This course surveys the physical and paper components of the global oil market. It focuses on the geological, economic, financial, institutional, and political factors and processes through which global oil prices are determined. · The course is only about oil - not about other energy or other commodities, though they may be discussed · The course is MARKET-focused. It does not deal with country development/planning, though it may be discussed in passing; nor does it deal with oil companies' financial statements and equity valuations. SIPA: E&E- IEMP.

INAF U6057y Electricity Markets 3 pts. Prerequisites: INAF U6060 and INAF U6301 Provides a detailed understanding of fundamentals of electricity dispatch and market design issues for electric energy, capacity and reliability. Policy issues in standard market design are explored. Issues associated with market access for demand response, distributed generation are explored. Electricity markets in developed and developing countries are examined and explored. SIPA: E&E- IEMP.

INAF U6060x International Energy Systems & Business Structures 3 pts.Not offered in 2012-2013. Policy makers cannot be effective without a thorough understanding of what is to be influenced, guided, or regulated. The purpose of this introductory core course in the International Energy Management and Policy track is to provide you with that understanding. It is a foundational course upon which you will build your understanding of the energy industry as you progress with your matriculation. The course covers conventional and alternative sources of energy and the business structures through which these sources of energy are transformed to electricity, fuels, chemicals, plastics, and a wide variety of other substances and materials that play a vital role in the functioning of modern society. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PEPM.

INAF U6061x International Energy Policy: Growth, Energy, Technology and the Environment 3 pts. Energy and climate change are the main challenges of the 21st century, together with the elimination of poverty in the world. There is no silver bullet, however the adoption of a number of sensible policies and technologies (international dialogue, national action plans, investment in R&D, renewable energy, electrical mobility, energy efficiency) may have a strong impact sooner and at a lower cost than may be expected . The course will integrate several dimensions of this challenge: economic growth, energy, technological change and global warming. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6064x Geopolitics of Natural Gas 3 pts.Not offered in 2012-2013. This course provides an integrated, interdisciplinary perspective on international relations around natural gas, with an emphasis on how geopolitical relations affect the pursuit of economic competitiveness in the energy market place, the structure of the gas market and gas industry, and the shift to lower carbon emission sources in different jurisdictions. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: E&E- IEMP.

INAF U6065y The Economics Of Energy 3 pts. Will we run out of oil? What determines the cost of a ton of coal? Should we subsidize low-carbon or tax fossil energy? Are renewables worth the price tag? This course addresses some of the fundamental questions in energy economics. It covers markets for coal, oil, natural gas and renewables. We will gain an understanding of how the various markets work, how they do not, and what the appropriate regulatory responses are. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6066y Energy and Power Financing Markets The global energy industry is comprised of the largest and most interrelated set of businesses in the world. From its inception, the industry has grown dramatically to provide ever increasing amounts of energy and power to commercial, industrial and retail consumers around the world. Given its unique industry structure, specialized financing techniques have been developed to expand and/or complement conventional public and private financing alternatives. These specialized financing approaches have, in turn, allowed the energy industry to access an unprecedented range of capital sources to finance its increasingly complex and challenging business model. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6068y (Section 1) Economic Analysis of Environmental Policies 3 pts. This is a semester-long introductory course in environmental economics. It is designed to introduce students to economic approaches to understanding and managing pollution and natural resources. There is a wide conception that the environmental and economic systems are fundamentally at odds, but hopefully, by the end of this class, you will have a more refined view. We will start the class by a quick review of the fundamental welfare theorem of economics, which states that under certain conditions, markets outcomes are efficient. This forms the basis for why economists so strongly believe in markets. We will then examine why some of those "certain conditions" might not be met for environmental problems, and whether hence government intervention is warranted or whether the market can self-regulate these problems. This forms the basis for the rest of the class where we look in more detail at cases where the government has regulated certain economic activity / pollution and whether it has done so in an efficient way. We will discuss four approaches how the government can intervene and regulate. In the last part we look at ways how the government should choose the optimal level of regulation. Finally, time permitting, we will look at several specific environmental problems in more detail, e.g., water, air, and climate change. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6072x (Section 001) Energy Systems Fundamentals The purpose of this course is to establish a core energy skill set for SIPA students and prepare them for more advanced energy courses by providing a basic language and toolset for understanding energy issues. Existing energy sources and the infrastructures that deliver them to users around the world are undergoing a period of rapid change. Limits to growth, rapidly fluctuating raw material prices, and the emergence of new technology options all contribute to heightened risk and opportunity in the energy sector. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6236x History of American Ecology & Environmentalism 3 pts. We will explore various conceptions of nature and ecology in changing ideas of conservation, preservation, the Dust Bowl, the atomic age, growing environmentalism, and the current focus on biodiversity as one route to a sustainable society. We will look at how scientific information has been constructed and used in environmental debates over pollution and overpopulation and will question the utility of distinguishing between "first nature" (untouched by humans) and "second nature" (nature modified by humans). Along the way, we will address connections between environmentalism and nationalism, the relationship between environmental change and social inequality, the rise of modern environmental politics, and different visions for the future of nature. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: United States. SIPA: PESP.

INAF U6242y Energy Policy 3 pts. The course provides a survey and analysis of the various dimensions, domestic and international, of policy formulation that, taken together, constitute energy policy. These dimensions include contributing to access to and production of natural energy resources; insuring the security and reliability of energy sources; promoting the diversity of fuels and development of new technologies in light of energy security and climate change mitigation objectives; promoting energy conservation and energy efficiency; environmental regulation at the domestic (air and water quality) and global (climate) levels. The objectives inspiring these policies are pursued through a combination of reliance on energy markets; subsidies and tax policy; development of energy infrastructure and a broad array of international policies influencing relations among and between net exporting and net importing countries. The origin of each policy issue, and lessons from significant "market failures," are examined and the consequences of policy alternatives are evaluated. The major legal and regulatory themes of U.S. energy policy are examined (Part 1) and so are the essential dimensions of international policies affecting the international energy scene. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6243y International Environmental Policy 3 pts. This course examines issues central to the theory and practice of international environmental politics. It provides a foundation of conceptual frameworks and factual knowledge for individuals planning work in this or related fields. Readings, lectures and discussion address many issues but we focus on factors that contribute to or impede the creation and implementation of effective international environmental policy. The course consists of three interrelated sections: (1) The Process and Difficulty of Creating and Implementing Effective International Environmental Policy; (2) The Setting for International Environmental Politics: Actors, Issues, Trends, and Law; and (3) Causal Factors in Creating Effective International Environmental Policy and Regimes. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6301x and y Corporate Finance 3 pts. Prerequisites: SIPA U6200 or PEPM U6223 Corporate finance is an introductory finance course; it is a core course for students taking the International Finance and Policy (IFP) concentration. The course is designed to cover those areas of business finance which are important for all managers, whether they specialize in finance or not. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: IFEP- Finance. SIPA: IFEP- Economic Policy. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Management.

INAF U6325x Energy Modeling 3 pts.(Formerly Quantitative Methods-Energy/Policy Analysis) The course is intended to sharpen student skills in methods that can be applied to quantitative analysis and interpretation of project economics. The course will provide students with an introduction to quantitative models that can aid in the decision making process. The course utilizes the Excel spreadsheet with Precision Tree add-in for decision tree analysis plus @RISK and RiskOptimizer simulation software add-ins for evaluating risk. These software add-ins address the challenge posed by key decision making variables not being discrete or known with precision. Most business decisions are stochastic in nature where future values for key variables are not known with precision, but can be estimated with a probability distribution. SIPA: APEA. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6380y Energy & Society Energy is taken for granted most of the time, yet, it is indispensable for advancing society. We examine how energy is produced and consumed in modern societies, focusing on energy systems' social, political, economic and environmental causes and consequences. The main aim of the course is to prepare students understand both the technology and the sociology of energy. SIPA: E&E- IEMP.

INAF U6426y Energy Industry in Latin America Not offered in 2012-2013. This course will examine the energy industry in energy-exporting countries of Latin America, which are expected to play an ever greater role in the international energy business during the coming decades. Latin American producers account for an important share of global energy resources and a substantial percentage of oil and gas trade flows, and at the same time they are becoming themselves fast-rising consumers of energy. Managing economic development in these countries generally has presented a major challenge to their governments. This is especially evident in the energy sector, where policy issues facing the governments include, inter alia, the nature and extent of foreign direct investment and the appropriate role of foreign companies (both private and government-controlled). We will emphasize strategic-level management issues that face energy industry decision-makers in the government and private sectors as they address the formulation of policies, strategies, alliances and investment plans. The first half of the course will consider the general nature of international business as it applies to the energy industry in the region, and the second half will consider the specific situation in a number of key countries: Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, Argentina, the Andean group, and selected island nations in the Caribbean. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6429y Energy Industry in the BRICS This course will examine the energy industry in the BRICS from a comparative perspective, emphasizing both similarities (notably the role of state-owned companies and the challenges of fast domestic growth) and differences. Special attention will be devoted to the strategic-level management issues facing decision-makers in the government and private sectors as they address the formulation of policies, strategies, alliances and investment plans. The first part of the course will consider the general nature of international business as it applies to the energy industry in the BRICS, and the remainder of the course will consider the specific situation in the individual member countries and their impact on global energy markets. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U6602y Economic Development for International Affairs 3 pts. The goal of this course is to provide an overview of the economics of international development. The key objective is to give students a framework to think about the processes that drive economic development, as well as policies that might promote it. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP.

INAF U6627y Marine Energy Transportation, Technology, Economics & Policy 3 pts. An introduction to tanker transportation of crude oil and petroleum. This course covers the history of energy and energy transportation, rate setting mechanism in a free market economy, the forecasting process in the oil trades, international governmental policies on oil pollution and regulation of ship operation, , various means of quality assurance in ship operation, safety and environmental issues, chartering and commercial issues, ship finance and economic. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6680x and y US Energy Security: Geopolitics of Oil & Gas 3 pts. This seminar is designed to provide students with a broad understanding of the relationship between U.S. national security and the economics and politics of the international oil and gas industry. The course places the current U.S. energy predicament in the context of past American experiences, and it analyzes how energy policy affects U.S. relations with other states. The course also examines how these other states use their energy resources (or lack thereof) to cooperate and/or compete with the United States. The political, economic, diplomatic and military aspects of "energy security" are considered through a series of case studies. The final sessions are devoted to the U.S. bilateral energy security issues with Canada and Mexico, Brazil, Nigeria, India, and China. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: United States.

INAF U8136x or y US Foreign Policy-Persian Gulf 3 pts. This course will focus on the process by which U.S. foreign policy is formulated and executed, using the Persian Gulf region as case material. Readings and lectures will examine the relationship between U.S. government agencies (White House, State, Defense, CIA, Congress, etc.) and instrumentalities (declaratory policy, diplomacy, military presence, arms transfers, covert action, etc.) in the pursuit of national goals. Special attention will be devoted to the analysis of U.S. regional policy and international relations from the Iranian revolution through the two gulf wars to the present. Instructor permission is required to register for this course. Please go to: http://sipa.columbia.edu/academics/sipa_registration/instructions.html for instructions. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: ISP. SIPA: Middle East. SIPA: United States.

INAF U8562x Global Maritime Issues and Policy 3 pts. An introduction to legal and public policy issues in maritime transportation. This course covers the history of marine transportation from a legal and public policy perspective, at both an international and a domestic level, and focuses on the major strategic public policy issues currently facing the various stakeholders in the sector. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U8778x Urban Energy Systems & Policy 3 pts. This course examines the unique nature of energy use and planning in urban areas. As the home to significant and ever growing rates of energy consumption, urban areas are logical candidates for energy planning efforts. Understanding how cities use energy; the institutional, market, and regulatory environment in which urban policymakers operate; and what steps cities are taking to better manage their energy use are the core topics of this course. We also will focus on energy-related business opportunities that exist in urban areas, examining the challenges such businesses face in dealing with multiple decision-makers or opinion leaders. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

INAF U8909x Environment, Conflict & Resolution Strategies 3 pts. Environmental conflict resolution has emerged with an integrated role of research and practice within the growing field of conflict analysis and resolution. As the world faces increasing environmental problems and conflicts with growing environmental dimensions, there has also been an increasing creativity of response through different channels. The implications for the successful resolution of environmental conflict are the necessary and integrated contributions of all aspects of international affairs, including international security policy, economic policy, human rights and development. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: ICR. SIPA: PESP.

REGN U6149y Energy, Corporate Responsibility & Human Rights 3 pts. This course will focus on energy companies' practices, and their impact. These practices will be examined in part through the prism of Central and Eastern Europe with particular focus on the land of the Rose Revolution, Georgia, through which the strategic multi-billion dollar oil and gas pipelines from Azerbaijan to Turkey and the West are to be constructed. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: IFEP- Finance. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Human Rights. SIPA: Russia.

REGN U6535y The Geopolitics of Russian Oil and Gas This class will examine the Russian energy polices with the focus on oil and gas industry. Oil and gas exports remain a source of major revenue for the Russian budget and provide Russia with the considerable bargaining power in the geopolitical sphere. For the foreseeable future Russia will remain one of the major players at the world energy scene. However, the rising competition from unconventional oil and gas production compels Russia to readjust its energy strategies. The challenge may be an opportunity for Russia to advance its energy industry, or it may turn into a problematic disadvantage if no changes pursued. Existing political patronage for two major state energy companies (Rosneft and Gazprom) may appear to be not efficient for the needed changes. Limitations and restrictions to smaller independent companies for market participation are not helpful to the Russian industry. What changes are needed to sustain rising competition? What new geopolitical alliances Russia may attempt to form in search for energy security of supply? These and other related questions will be examined in the seminar. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Russia. SIPA: Short Courses. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

SDEV U6240x Environmental Science for Sustainable Development 3 pts. The Earth's Systems are experiencing dramatic changes that bring into question the sustainability of our planet. Essential to addressing these changes is an understanding of the functioning of the earth systems. This course provides fundamental knowledge of the topics within the natural sciences that are critical to address the issues of sustainable development. The interactions between the natural and human environment are complex and interconnected. A strong understanding of the functioning of the earth's processes is essential to addressing sustainable development challenges SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Development Practice.

SDEV U9245x Environment & Resource Economics 3 pts. The goal of this course is to introduce you to the basic concepts of natural resource and environmental economics in about 14 weeks. It should hence be seen as a survey class that introduces the basic ideas of the field. Prerequisites: Graduate level classes in micro-economics and econometrics as well as some knowledge of optimal control theory. Furthermore, you should know the basic commands in STATA and either MATLAB or R (for some of the problem sets, but they are easy to learn). SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

SIPA U0010x and y (Section 2) Concentration: Energy & Environment - Int'l Energy Management and Policy All SIPA candidates are required to register for one of the policy concentrations in each semester of matriculation at SIPA. The concentration registration will be for zero academic credits and will not affect or be affected by fees or financial charges. SIPA: E&E- IEMP.

LAW L8452x or y Seminar: Energy Law 2 pts. This is a Law School course.

For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Electives. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.